Definitions of Whats Ungrammatical in English

In descriptive grammar, the term ungrammatical refers to an irregular word group or sentence structure that makes little apparent sense because it disregards the syntactic conventions of the language. Contrast with grammaticality. In language studies (and on this website), examples of ungrammatical constructions are usually preceded by asterisks (*). Judgments regarding ungrammatical constructions are often subject to gradience. In prescriptive grammar, ungrammatical may refer to a word group or sentence structure that fails to conform to the proper way of speaking or writing, according to the standards set by some authority. Also called grammatical error. Contrast with correctness. Examples and Observations Designating a sentence as ungrammatical simply means that native speakers tend to avoid the sentence, cringe when they hear it, and judge it as sounding odd. . . .Calling a sentence ungrammatical means that it sounds odd all things being equal--that is, in a neutral context, under its conventional meaning, and with no special circumstances in force.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature. Viking, 2007)Sentences . . . are simply the highest-level expressions of a language, and an ungrammatical string is a morpheme sequence which fails to constitute a meaningful expression of any kind.(Michael B. Kac, Grammars and Grammaticality. John Benjamins, 1992) Examples of Grammatical and Ungrammatical Sentences With Reflexive Pronouns Grammatical Ungrammatical(Terri L. Wells, L2 Acquisition of English Binding Domains. Morphology and Its Interfaces in Second Language Knowledge, ed. by Maria-Luise Beck. John Benjamins, 1998) The smart student thinks that the teacher likes himself.The very happy mother said that the girl dresses herself.The young child said that the pretty woman hurt herself.The man in the blue jacket said that the dog bit himself.The crying father said that the younger boy cut himself.The woman thinks that the student does not like herself.The doctor said that the old man shot himself in the foot.The lawyers think that the four policemen shot themselves.*The man thinks the boy does not like that stupid himself.*The woman said that the little girl saw yesterdays herself.*The taxi driver said that the man hit that careless himself.*The girl said that the teacher laughed at that funny herself.*The soldiers know that the generals like todays themselves.*The student said that the athlete hurt that stupid himself.*The mother wrote that the child laughed at that slow herself.*The man said that the boy was angry with the lazy himself. Distinguishing Between Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar The sentence below is a garden-variety English sentence, which is descriptively grammatical to any English speaker . . .. I eat bacon and eggs with ketchup. We can form a question based on this sentence as follows: What do you eat bacon and eggs with? This sentence is descriptively grammatical but violates a prescriptive rule; recall that for some, ending a sentence with a preposition (in this case, with) is prescriptively ungrammatical. But now consider this sentence: I eat bacon and eggs and ketchup. When we try to form a question we get the following: *What do you eat bacon and eggs and? No English speaker would utter this sentence (hence the *), but why not? The source sentences look exactly the same; the only difference is that ketchup follows with in the first sentence, and and in the second. It turns out that with, a preposition, functions quite differently from and, a conjunction, and the distinction between the two is part of our unconscious knowledge of English. Studying this unconscious knowledge, revealed in puzzles like this one, allows us to construct a model, or theory of descriptive grammar, a model that attempts to explain why we quite naturally produce grammatical sentences such as What did you eat your bacon and eggs with? but not ungrammatical ones like What did you eat your bacon and eggs and? (Anne Lobeck and Kristin Denham, Navigating English Grammar: A Guide to Analyzing Real Language. Blackwell, 2014)

My American Dream - 774 Words

The American dream is the ideal job you have for yourself along with how you wish your life to plan out. For any american dream you will need a certain amount of education and training. As well as talents and experience. My American dream is to be a film producer , I find myself constantly looking at the behind the scenes of a movie imagining i’m there helping with them, my creativity is very strong point. First, thing to do is plan out the education you are going to need to accomplish your american dream. For being a film producer the requirement of education doesnt matter you don’t even need a high school diploma (what is the job description of a movie director?). However if you want to go on and get a degree in the field. People can†¦show more content†¦At the beginning people will not pay you that well, as people dont know who you are. So the more that you work the more experience you will get which will help spread the word of how you act(Jukola art community pros and cons). If you act poorly people wont want to work with you no matter how good you are. However if you have an upbeat attitude and are positive this will help people want to associate with you more. In New york the standard wage of a producer is $76,620 ( film director career: pros and cons). The maximum salary that producers have gotten were up to $109,000 (film director career: pros and cons). The startups that help financially help you is paid by the provider/ the person who wants the finished project(film finance). However, the health benefits aren’t always the best. In the filming business people tend to get hurt more than the average person would. They take all kind of repercussions . However sometimes that doesnt work. Things can go wrong with props which will lead to injuries and in some cases death (people killed by â€Å"fake† weapons). The prop makers will take as much precaution as they can and even more but things get changed and people make mistakes. In one instance a person onset doubled up on the blanks in a fake gun. The person shot the gun and the gun pierced their right lung. He died later in the hospital (people killed by â€Å"fake† weapons).There are also perks of working as a producer. You can travel aShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Is Aurther Millers All My Sons a Critique of the American Dream?1427 Words   |  6 Pagesextent is Arthur Miller’s ‘All My Sons’ a critique of the American Dream Arthur Miller was an American playwright and was a prominent figure in America until his recent death in 2005. It was at this time of his death that Miller was considered one of the greatest American playwrights. In 1947, after his disastrous play – ‘The man who had all the luck’, ‘All My Sons’ was published, which brought Miller recognition and was the start of his successful career. ‘All My Sons’ is set after World War 2Read MoreTo What Extent Can All My Sons Be Seen as a Criticism of the American Dream and the American Way of Life?1557 Words   |  6 Pages The American Dream was born out of the deprivation of the war and the great depression America went through; measured by affluence, a rise in the accepted standard of living, it was the total opposite to war times.â€Å" Everyman a king. All things even better† In Miller’s play the Keller family are seen to be living the â€Å"American Dream†, yet their ways and means of obtaining this are greatly criticised by Miller. 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Once the ideal of ultimate success within the United States, this life goal is now just an image on a page of a 1960’s chapter within a United States history textbook. Now, America’s strong-willed and influential Millennials have thoroughly and unapologetically redefined the â€Å"American Dream†. The Center for a new American Dream definesRead MoreMy American Dream839 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinitely say that I am experiencing this new American Dream for myself. Owning a home is definitely a part of the American Dream that has remained intact for as long as the country has been standing. However, for a millennial there is a new and added depth to the Dream. Millennials have been accused of many things, killing the diamond industry, killing the department store industry, and for being unwilling to enter the housing market. While the dream of owning a home is indeed alive and well amongRead MoreMy American Dream Essay533 Words   |  3 PagesFirst, lets define American Dream. American Dream is what you would consider a perfect life. It can be full of happiness, money, love, food, cars, whatever you desire, everyone has a different opinion. One person’s American Dream may be totally different from someone else’s, that is what makes us all individuals. My American Dream would include a good job and lots of money, spare time for my family and I, and most importantly, healthiness. It seems that so often the subject of economic standingRead MoreMy American Dream Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesThe idea of the American Dream conveys a delight to anybody endeavoring to accomplish this deception. For most of the population living in America, there is a feeling of working towards being in a superior position than the present one they are in. The fantasy is distinctive for every person, a few people dream brings energy towards themselves and their loved ones, as others work for a superior living for a whole society. This is the thing that makes this idea so uncommon and one of a kind, is thatRead MoreMy Perception Of The American Dream1554 Words   |  7 Pagesenvisioned my future life to be like the stereotypical American dream. I may have inherited that dream from my mother; she came to the United States from Mexico at only 15 years old. She came to pursue the same dream - - the opportunity to achieve wealth and success. Growing up in a traditional Hispanic house hold is something I will always cherish, but one characteristic of Hispanic culture is the mindset that women are meant to be housewives and mothers. This expectation worked with my perceptionRead MoreMy Life Of The American Dream1376 Words   |  6 PagesI was born in Fort Worth, Texas, a city where I realized being an American is an unbelievable blessing to have in your life. I would have to thank my mother for risking her life, and having the courage to move to the United States when she was only eighteen. Without her courage I would be living a completely different life right now. The opportunities one has as an American are shocking. Many Americans do not realize how fortunate they are in this country, with the Public school system,and job opportunitiesRead MoreMy Opinion of the American Dream701 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is the American Dream? Is a question that will be answered differently every time its asked to a different individual. Everyone has a different opinion reg arding what is the American Dream and what it takes to make the dream a reality theres a simply explanation to this: People come from different places, and everyone has a different story to tell. No two lives are just alike, there are going to be people who have experienced different trials and tribulations, people who have seen what you

The Mission Free Essays

The Mission takes place during the Jesuit Reductions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During this time many Jesuit missionaries established missions independent of the Spanish state in order to teach the native inhabitants Christianity. Leading this cause is Father Gabriel, a Spanish Jesuit Priest, who arrives in the Jungle in South America to set up a mission and convert a small village of Guarani Indians. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mission or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning of the film, there is an image of a Jesuit missionary tethered to a cross which is being sent over the massive Gauze Falls. This act encourages Father Gabriel to try to reach out to the tribe. Guarani warriors track Father Gabriel down, prepared to kill him, as he tries to make his way to their village. Gabriel is able to calm the warriors down by playing a song which is the beginning of his acceptance into the tribe. The movie then shifts to Roding Mendoza, a slave trader and mercenary, who is filled with guilt after killing his brother and is looking for repentance. Father Gabriel, after finding out about Mendoza actions, seeks him out to offer him a way to repentance and salvation. Once Mendoza agrees, his armor ND weapons are bound within a satchel that is attached to his waist and he is challenged to scale the cliffs of Gauze Falls. He makes it up the falls and to the Guarani camp where he is met with skepticism and disdain. Eventually, one of the Guarani cuts the satchel off and throws it into the falls representing the forgiveness of the tribe and him being released from his penance. Mendoza then becomes a Jesuit under the guidance of Father Gabriel. The Guarani’s gain confidence in Father Gabrielle mission from the leadership he portrays and the eagerness of the Guarani’s to learn. During all of this, there are political events going on as well. Spain and Portugal sign a treaty ordering Spain to transfer the control of some land, which includes the land containing Father Gabrielle mission. This was a critical agreement since Spain had outlawed slavery but slavery remained legal in Portugal. As a result, the Jesuits have to fight to protect the missions from Portuguese slave traders. The threat being posed by the Portuguese leads papal emissary Alliteration (a representative of the pope) to make a decision about whether or not the mission should be shut down. Alliteration is torn between two controversial options; either he can side with the colonists and close the mission leading to the enslavement of the Guarani or he can side with the missions leaving the Jesuit to face the Portuguese government. He eventually decides to close the mission but Father Gabriel and Mendoza refuse to obey the decision. The two try tactics of fighting and peace to resist the Portuguese but are eventually taken down by the Portuguese army and the mission is burned down and the Priests and Guarani adults are massacred. Spain and Portugal, the Church administrative hierarchy, and the Jesuit order can e described as having their own culture as institutions based on the apparent separation of motives between each which came from the different ways of thinking that were developing at the time. The Jesuits showed a genuine care about the spiritual well-being of the Guarani people where Spain and Portugal were not as charitable as represented by the government officials. Spain and Portugal had a culture that was based off of nationalistic viewpoints. Spain and Portugal were competing for power in the New World and were unsure about how to treat the native people. Spain’s idea was to maintain control by forcing Christianity and their ultra on to the natives. Portugal Just looked to enslave them to show their superiority. Both countries, though, looked for power instead of trying to help the natives accept a new way of life as these countries brought over colonists. Their main concern was to benefit their country versus helping others. These countries would do anything to show their countries power, including taking away power from the church to control the fate of the mission. This is made obvious in the scene where the Pope’s emissary, Ultramarine, is to decide the fate of the mission. Father Gabriel sees the datives as naturally spiritual and tries to defend the Jesuit position. Portuguese officials see the tribe as unfit for civilization and eventually kill off any natives that resist their rule once the mission is disbanded and enslaves the rest. Either way Ultramarine went, it seemed that Portugal would get its way in the end. From this it is also evident what the motive of the Church was; which was to maintain authority on the outcome of the Guarani project. With the revolts going on against the Church, the Church wanted to use the control they did have to get their agenda completed. Jesuit missionaries were left to succumb to their decisions and this affected the final outcome of the mission as well as the everyday business of the missionaries. The Jesuit missionaries started to try to break away from the church by not forcing European customs on the natives. In this way they started to become enlightened. Ultramarine did go and experience the missions but he saw the economic practices of the mission to mirror that of radical French Socialism rather than understanding that it was a direct result of what they had learned from the New Testament. When Ultramarine encountered some Guarani natives who could barely be recognized as such, he was fully pleased. This shows how the Church wanted the natives to completely conform to their ways and culture instead of bringing out the good in the natives like the Jesuits were trying to do. The authorities of the church wanted one thing while the missionaries wanted another. The Jesuits crossed cultural boundaries by merging their beliefs and teachings with the Guarani culture. The Jesuit missions expected the natives to convert to Christianity but generally did not expect them to adopt the European cultural norms. The Jesuits also crossed cultural boundaries by trying to give the natives social mobility. The Jesuits gathered the Guarani into these missions to protect them while they taught them how to read and write as well as be self-productive. Works Cited Hounded, Anthony. â€Å"Reductions of Paraguay. † CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:. Robert Appleton Company, n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions: Their History. † The Jesuit Missions: Their History. N. P. , n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. Bulgaria, Lenore. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions in South America. † Catholicism. N. P. , 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 July 2014. How to cite The Mission, Papers

Punk Rock began free essay sample

This quote suggests that Punk Rock was more or less a political statement, which like most, was a product of the attitudes of the time; the excitement of the revolutionary nineteen sixties had fizzled and from the boredom emerged something completely different. There are several reasons as to why the Punk movement began. Many theories suggest Punk to have been a raw political statement for the sake of change and rebellion (Laying, 1978, Pl Para) while others would argue that the whole scene was just scripted controversy for the sake of commercialism and moneymaking. Comparatively, similarities can be drawn between the nineteen fifties Rock n Roll era and the punk Rock phenomenon of the seventies. Not only do they bare an aesthetic likeness, but also their following with both genres of music playing a key role in the uprising of a Youth Culture (Larkin, 1 997, IPPP). As Broodier observed, nothing more clearly affirms ones class, nothing more infallibly classifies, than taste in music. (Shaker, 1994, pop).Punk adhered to this, as its lyrics and cultural attitudes were based on youthful ideals such as rebellion, nihilism, obscenity, violence, sexuality and attitudes towards school (Shaker, 1994, pop IPPP But why? Did the young people simple seek a commercial outlet to voice their opinions and anger or was it all out of boredom? Boredom is a recurring theme in many iconic Punk anthems (see Im Bored- Gigs Pop, I Just Want Have Something To Do- The Ramose and Boredom- The Buzzwords, to name a few).Boredom is another quality widely associated with teenagers in particular, and for nineteen seventies youths the post sixties lifestyle was all but thrilling but with the invention of punk the seventies brought more than a monotonous end to some of the greatest rises of the 20th Century. It filled the void, with a sound so terrifying and disordered that you knew- from the first momentum heard it- that it couldnt last. (Roomers, 2009, page).While from a cultural perspective Punk Rock can be viewed as a very real lifestyle for the misfit youths of the nineteen seventies, some, such as reporter Hanna Gardner from a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, suggest that the musicians started the genre purely for money, fame, kicks and chicks, that the Punk Rock phenomenon was all a put on (Roomers, 2009, puppy-207). While the youths may have en adopting the disheveled aesthetic and up yours attitude of their Punk Rock music icons, were the musicians who were responsible for the blow up of this entire subculture only focused on becoming rich and famous?Malcolm McAllen was one figure in Punk Rock in particular who, some might say, affirmed this theory with his commercialism The Sex Pistols and famously causing them to split and sell out. McAllen was an entrepreneurial type whose early involvements in the Punk scene eventuated to his management (or creation, as he deemed it) of the Sex Pistols in the mid even tides (Savage, 1 991 , IPPP). The Sex Pistols blurred the lines between commercialism and rebellion, with them having as many songs on the pop charts as any famous pop musician of the time.Anthems like Anarchy in the UK and God Save the Queen became enormous hits in the UK charts and soon were heard all around the world, turning The Sex Pistols from angry teenagers who were part of the underground Punk movement into rich and famous rock stars. The band members themselves would deny ever being in it for the money, but McAllen himself has admitted to cashing in on the ands popularity With merchandise and even film, giving the impression that they were more a product of commercialism rather than a Punk Rock band (Savage, 1991, puppy-502). While some iconic historical Punk figures attitudes became askew due to fame and wealth, assimilation into Pop Culture was not the only intention behind why Punk Rock really began. For some Punk Rockers, the idea of creating a reactionary artistic statement against pop culture was key and the music was but a vessel for that creative expression of anger, anarchy and nihilism. In Phil Strongman A History of Punk he observes that in some areas, Punk Rock was viewed as more of a religion than a subculture. It was a means of bringing people of the same ideals and beliefs together (Pl 3, Para).This affirms the idea that Punk was made to act as a political a statement, a movement lead by the youth of a generation to call for change and progression. The uniform of the Pure Punk was one that was part of the statement (Strongman, 2007, Pl 2-20). American Punk Rock Pioneer Richard Hell from the innovating band Richard Hell and the Voids claims that the inspiration for the Punk uniform dates jac k as early as 1 959, he himself taking influence from the French New Wave film The 400 Blows by Franà §ois Truthful. Richard Hell once stated, It (Hells uniform) looked like the kid in The 400 Blows, The Truthful movie.I remember I had a picture of those three guys. I really thought all this stuff out in 73 and 74. This theory of punk beginning as an artistic statement suggests that, unlike others, Punk was a well thought out art form rather than just rebellion for the sake Of rebelling. Everything, down to what they wore served purpose in their intricate artistic intentions and counted towards the overall effect of the Punk phenomenon. In conclusion, there is no one reason as to why Punk began but multiple theories, all of which bare an element of truth.While Punk rock may seem a contradiction in itself (what with it becoming a commercial genre of music when it was intended to remain on the cusp of popular culture) the initial intentions are ones that beg for a revolution, a change in music, image, and attitude towards politics, people and popular culture. Like a weed, punk emerged during the parched decade between the sixties and the eighties, when the compass was spinning out of control, when he captain had lost control of the wheel. (Roomers, 2009, Opening Shoo. Punk did happen for a reason.